The corona political circus by Senator A. Rehman Malik

This one-gram virus is becoming more lethal than the nuclear bomb. It has created a hysterical situation among world leadership. Unsubstantiated blame games at the global level can lead to an irreversible cycle of the war of words, which may lead to a serious divide in the international community, which can bring World War III. It only requires a trigger and this serious blame game can be the cause. Propaganda must be halted with wisdom and mutual understanding, learning lessons from World War II and how disinformation started from Pearl Harbour. The world must work together to overpower this invisible enemy and the UN should investigate and find out if any anti-human group or any state were involved in its creation. It is unfortunate that in Pakistan, our politics has made coronavirus a playing field as well, and the political shows look like a circus of allegations which is bad for Pakistan’s image and future political health of the beloved country. Coronavirus is essentially a big force of invaders that gives no warning and uses whatever available means of transmission worldwide.

Those countries who were wise to its attack were quick to block it by hiding its primary medium, which is the human body. Ms Jacinda Ardern, the Prime Minister of New Zealand, acted like a real statesperson as she hid her family (New Zealanders) under a complete lockdown by offering meaning and purpose to what they were being asked to do with direction and care, unlike other world leaders who sought compliance from their people. She cancelled out the medium factor in her country and defeated the disease through the difficult and rare approach of a complete lockdown. The world should be proud of her, as she is an iron lady with great administrative skills. There was no propaganda against the actions under her command. I wish other countries including us also should have followed in her footsteps. I was really upset to note that we, instead of fighting against this virus by destroying it, have already produced corona-affected political media fighting teams where we are not on one page.

It looks like the provincial and federal governments and political parties are working for the media and not the public. Fake publicity and the race to display of their progress are prioritised through their respective advisors etc. Here we have a big question; if public representatives really work for the cause of the public or media – I have seen them being shown on tv while delivering a single pack soap or less than a kilo of wheat as a display for the camera as if he or she has defeated the mighty virus corona. I think all the displays of ration distribution activities should be totally banned from the media.

The world is in turmoil and the western leadership is unable to hold its nervous feelings in; it looks as if this tiny force weighing less than one gram will change the world order in the coming months. This minute force seems to have overtaken the fear of the nuclear deterrent as well. According to research, the weight of a virus is measured at 0.85 actograms or 0.85x(10)^-18 grams, or about one-millionth of a trillion grams. You may check the weight of the virus in the latest medical journals. 70 billion viruses that will make a person sick attract about 0.0000005 grams. Since the total number of cases worldwide is now over 2 million, the total weight of the rogue viruses which are present in the world comes to about one gram.

This virus and the creator of the virus has brought the entire world on its knees with a total of just one gram of virus. I have been posing this question constantly; why, with all the advanced medical technology have we failed to find its antidote so far. Some background interviews indicate that the same virus attacked in 1994-95. Medical experts have been doubtful about its origin right from that time – that it is a natural – but no authentic proof is available. It is said this will keep coming and going and every time with different mortality rates. I have advocated this even in my book to let the world know about its origin and it is for this very reason I was compelled to write to the Secretary General of the Security Council (SGSC) to constitute a high-powered UN commission to trace the origin of this virus and the identity of patient zero.

I am not satisfied with the non-coordination between the federal and provincial governments; immature media teams are acting irresponsibly by causing irreversible damage to a collective thought process and the national unit at this difficult moment in time. I hope the PM will take this seriously and call an All-Parties Conference (APC) and evolve a workable national strategy to counter this invisible force. Our nation needs to follow the path of unity and future actions must be taken with collective spirit and within the defined democratic norms, otherwise it may lead it to collapse, making it subject to circumstantial and abrupt changes.

The article was published in The Nation on May 5, 2020 and link to the original article https://nation.com.pk/05-May-2020/the-corona-political-circus

The Corona Political Circus by Senator A. Rehman Malik

This one-gram virus is becoming more lethal than the nuclear bomb. It has created a hysterical situation among world leadership. Unsubstantiated blame games at the global level can lead to an irreversible cycle of the war of words, which may lead to a serious divide in the international community, which can bring World War III. It only requires a trigger and this serious blame game can be the cause. Propaganda must be halted with wisdom and mutual understanding, learning lessons from World War II and how disinformation started from Pearl Harbour. The world must work together to overpower this invisible enemy and the UN should investigate and find out if any anti-human group or any state were involved in its creation. It is unfortunate that in Pakistan, our politics has made coronavirus a playing field as well, and the political shows look like a circus of allegations which is bad for Pakistan’s image and future political health of the beloved country. Coronavirus is essentially a big force of invaders that gives no warning and uses whatever available means of transmission worldwide.

Those countries who were wise to its attack were quick to block it by hiding its primary medium, which is the human body. Ms Jacinda Ardern, the Prime Minister of New Zealand, acted like a real statesperson as she hid her family (New Zealanders) under a complete lockdown by offering meaning and purpose to what they were being asked to do with direction and care, unlike other world leaders who sought compliance from their people. She cancelled out the medium factor in her country and defeated the disease through the difficult and rare approach of a complete lockdown. The world should be proud of her, as she is an iron lady with great administrative skills. There was no propaganda against the actions under her command. I wish other countries including us also should have followed in her footsteps.

I was really upset to note that we, instead of fighting against this virus by destroying it, have already produced corona-affected political media fighting teams where we are not on one page. It looks like the provincial and federal governments and political parties are working for the media and not the public. Fake publicity and the race to display of their progress are prioritised through their respective advisors etc.

Here we have a big question; if public representatives really work for the cause of the public or media – I have seen them being shown on tv while delivering a single pack soap or less than a kilo of wheat as a display for the camera as if he or she has defeated the mighty virus corona. I think all the displays of ration distribution activities should be totally banned from the media.

The world is in turmoil and the western leadership is unable to hold its nervous feelings in; it looks as if this tiny force weighing less than one gram will change the world order in the coming months. This minute force seems to have overtaken the fear of the nuclear deterrent as well. According to research, the weight of a virus is measured at 0.85 actograms or 0.85x(10)^-18 grams, or about one-millionth of a trillion grams. You may check the weight of the virus in the latest medical journals. 70 billion viruses that will make a person sick attract about 0.0000005 grams. Since the total number of cases worldwide is now over 2 million, the total weight of the rogue viruses which are present in the world comes to about one gram.

This virus and the creator of the virus has brought the entire world on its knees with a total of just one gram of virus. I have been posing this question constantly; why, with all the advanced medical technology have we failed to find its antidote so far. Some background interviews indicate that the same virus attacked in 1994-95. Medical experts have been doubtful about its origin right from that time – that it is a natural – but no authentic proof is available. It is said this will keep coming and going and every time with different mortality rates. I have advocated this even in my book to let the world know about its origin and it is for this very reason I was compelled to write to the Secretary General of the Security Council (SGSC) to constitute a high-powered UN commission to trace the origin of this virus and the identity of patient zero.

I am not satisfied with the non-coordination between the federal and provincial governments; immature media teams are acting irresponsibly by causing irreversible damage to a collective thought process and the national unit at this difficult moment in time. I hope the PM will take this seriously and call an All-Parties Conference (APC) and evolve a workable national strategy to counter this invisible force. Our nation needs to follow the path of unity and future actions must be taken with collective spirit and within the defined democratic norms, otherwise it may lead it to collapse, making it subject to circumstantial and abrupt changes.

The Article was published by The Nation on May 5th, 2020; link to the original article: https://nation.com.pk/05-May-2020/the-corona-political-circus

Using force majeure for debt write-off by Senator A. Rehman Malik

I have done a detailed study as to how this corona epidemic is going to affect our economy and what measures we should take to survive in the coming months. I would therefore like to draw the attention of our PM as well as the government’s financial team and the Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) to the serious negative impact of coronavirus on Pakistan’s economy because of the forced closure of production units, services industries, airlines and exports. All revenue generating sources are drying up rapidly and Pakistan will be having major adverse effects of the global economic meltdown which will be far worse than post 9/11. I felt it my national duty to point out in time to my nation that we are being pushed to the precipice of world recession by COVID-19. While recapping the situation, I suggest that we must take some timely and effective measures that can be taken to mitigate the worsening situation. I have also written a letter to PM to this effect and I have moved my motion for discussion on this subject in the upper house to get an appropriate resolution as collective support to this move.

Due to the pandemic, the government has been forced to announce an economic package for the needy and helpless common man at the cost of the mutually agreed reforms process already committed with creditors to ensure debt servicing and monetary reforms.

The corona outbreak has forced the country towards lockdown as per the advice of WHO, lack of domestic demand and unavailability of the raw materials. The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) has also reduced the policy rate twice in a short time span, on March 24, 2020 from 13.25% to 11% and on April 16, 2020 from 11% to 9% to ease out the economy to offer more profitability rates for investors but this all looks to be in vain. In the present situation, the government expects further delays in the response of the business community. The interest is still very high and we do not expect the increase in business activities because of the continued adverse impact of COVID-19.

The subsequent aftermath of COVID-19, because of countrywide shutdowns and lockdowns are having an adverse effect on our economy, making both large as well as small and medium-sized enterprises particularly vulnerable to liquidity issues. We are expecting large scale bankruptcies by small business houses and therefore the performance of our revenue obligations is interrupted and committed targets with our creditors are not going to be honoured. I am sorry to say that our unemployment rate and inflation rate are going to go even higher. Unemployment and the price hike are going to bring unrest in the country and can even lead to a serious law and order situation for the government.

The disrupted world order has severely incapacitated our ability to service international debt liabilities, and served a staggering blow to our domestic industrial production, which has come to a halt. With the consequential plunge in export revenues, dwindling agriculture proceeds, diminished government earnings from tourism and other services, regression in overseas remittances, repatriation of our work-force from Middle East etc., the situation is getting dismal.

We are left only with the agriculture sector which is ignored even today. In fact, the agriculture sector is the only hope which will not let Pakistanis die of hunger if it is handled with a sensible plan. The farmer must be helped with loans and some incentives to ensure more yield. I will write about this in detail, but at the same time, the Ministry of Agriculture and provincial governments should come up with some doable plan.

Undoubtedly, we are confronted with emergency circumstances due to the pandemic, which is likely to lead us into non-performance because of circumstances which have gone out of the control of the government, thus preventing us from performing our obligations under the said contracts.

This pandemic has brought the wheel of our economy to a standstill. We need to seek deferment and possible writing-off of repayments, by establishing prevalence of force majeure circumstances. In my view, by establishing force majeure, IMF, World Bank, US AID etc would be lawfully obliged to grant deferment for these repayments and possibly write-off our loans.

The force majeure clause typically applies in cases of a natural disaster, an ‘act of God’ such as an earthquake or pandemic, war or terrorist attacks, or government policy or law changes, or a third party who fails in provision of goods or services, a force majeure is put into place in order to protect parties from external variables out of their control. As such, it is mandatory to include this force majeure clause in the contracts.

In case the creditors decline our genuine and legal force majeure claim as per the prevailing law, we should activate the force majeure clause before the competent international court through an accredited lawyer of repute and prove its plausibility to the judge and a jury. However, it is essential that such a claim be framed after thorough pre-vetting and evaluating our case. We need to draft well-prepared estimates of how if the pandemic continues for a longer period, economic recovery would take much longer, hence we should seek relief of making repayments after 10 years with the request to condone the interest rate or asking for the entire loan to be written off.

In support of our arguments, we will need immaculate, verifiable record of the measures we have taken to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, and the financial burdens that have been piled up due this pandemic.

The nation is suffering with price hike, inflation and the fall of our Rupee only because, we had to bow before the IMF every time. We must first try to mutually agree on the force majeure situation with our creditors before opting for legal battle. whereas we have a strong case and I am confident that we can even fight it out in the International Court of Justice (ICJ) for this relief on genuine grounds, even if we don’t have a force majeure clause in our contract.

As a last resort, we may opt to discharge the performance obligations under the Doctrine of Frustration. The purpose of the Doctrine/Principle of Frustration is to provide relief to the disadvantaged party; that we are, since the impact of the coronavirus pandemic has left a multitude of inescapable consequences for us, leading to the breach of contract due to events which are beyond the reasonable control of the Government of Pakistan.The Principle/Doctrine of Frustration in English law does not depend directly on the drafting of the contract, and applies when an unforeseen event renders the performance of a contract. It eventually results into termination of contract automatically. The parties involved in the contract are no longer bound to perform their future obligations given that the Principle of Frustration comes into force. It happens because of the dramatic consequences of an unforeseen event; act of God, epidemic, change of law or Government which frustrates the contract and the parties are released from any future obligations, and thus would not have to pay damages for non-performance.

I am confident that a serious consideration shall be accorded to my suggestion by the consented authorities, and we should invoke this option to get foreign debt written off.

I will bring this point to the Senate for an appropriate resolution in consultation with the leader of the opposition and the leader of the house. I also appeal to all overseas Pakistanis to help Pakistan with your influence abroad to get our loans written off.

The article was published by The Nation on April 28, 2020 and the link to the original article - https://nation.com.pk/28-Apr-2020/using-force-majeure-for-debt-write-off

Lockdown vs Our National Security by Senator A. Rehman Malik

I have been advocating for a lockdown and medical emergency since 27 February. The government is confused and till now those sitting in power are confused even on the definition of a lockdown; which is a complete lockdown in the rest of the world which is called a smart lockdown. For God’s sake, have the full lockdown with special emergency laws to have an effectively controlled lockdown. My consistent views have been endorsed today by Pakistan Medical Association (PMA) and World Health Organisation urging the Pakistan government and state institutions to enforce complete lockdown to stop the spread of coronavirus in the country. The Federal and provincial govts are using different implementations of lockdown from a smart lock down to a partial lockdown. However, I have previously stated that there is only one form of lockdown which basically is imposed on the basis of emergency directions which prevents the public from leaving a certain area.

The commanding authority has to be the state which can impose emergency and order the lockdown to make it fully legal. This could be used for implementing law and order to prevent interactions within the public to stop the spread of epidemic or pandemic. You might have noticed that many countries have recently promulgated laws to deal this emergency. I conclude that in our case, the government itself is confused on how to impose a lockdown and many related matters and it has further confused the common man. No decision of the government can be implemented unless enforcement of the rule of law is ensured. This pandemic needs to be stopped and therefore the interaction of potential patients’ needs to be stopped and generally without testing one cannot identify the presence of coronavirus in a patient. The Prime Minister and his cabinet are jeopardising national security when the government itself failed to detect a corona patient who spent over an hour with the PM and his staff and thereafter, he met other cabinet members as well. According to WHO if there is one patient in a given area, then consider 28 persons already infected. Now by this principle, we have latest figure of 11000 patients all over the country from the given reported number. Then, as per the protocols of WHO, we have already reached the statistic of nearly 300000 patients which are consistently infecting others unknowingly. The government should first define this as an emergency and bring a law either through the parliament or via ordinance on a lockdown to ensure the proper lock-in. I will be proposing a legislation on it as well, as this has to be a different emergency to control this pandemic and to cover various expects of national security. The main issue is to make our public aware of the use of the rule of law because in the absence specific legal orders for lockdown under emergency, the public has no fear of formal arrest and trial as they are not bothered about the punishment since they know the violation of lockdown or Section144 will not give them stringent punishment.

During the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, emergency lockdowns have been implemented worldwide including mass quarantines. The first time in history that lockdown measures were used was during the plague outbreaks in Italy over the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries and were applied in full force during the plague in Florence in 1630-31. The measures taken against COVID-19 today are parallel to the ones taken by health authorities in Italy 400 years ago. The plague outbreaks in Italy were seasonal that began in spring till summer and started to diminish in winter. It is unfortunate that this pandemic is not weather dependent and nobody has a clue as to how long it will haunt us and how it is going to change the world order.

Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) says “When you hear that [a plague] is in a land, do not go to it and if it occurs in a land that you are already in, then do not leave it, fleeing from it.” This is what we need today to follow strictly as this saying of our Holy Prophet is the only way across the world to combat this pandemic.

It is unfortunate that this deadly disease is attacking us and its prey is a large part of the population. We have two choices; either we allow this virus to attack us or we build an iron curtain to stop this disease from infecting us, which would be the best way to protect ourselves and our loved ones as an entire nation. A friendly lockdown can be defined as defence against these invisible attackers. There should either be a complete lockdown with well-defined laws of emergency for national security, or there needs to be a friendly lockdown where individuals isolate themselves from society with their own self-controlled laws and day to day self-handling. They can be their own supervisors to avoid arrest or punishment. Can anybody define what a “smart lockdown” is? I call it “less than half a lockdown” since it does not meet the “lockdown protocols” set by the WHO.

In normal days, time drives you, while during a friendly lockdown you may drive time your way. The question is how to drive time and keep stress away, bringing happiness by managing your time in your own way with your dear ones restricted within your own four walls. Take this as God-given opportunity to spend more time with your loved ones. I propose a few tips to follow to kill your time in a qualitative way. Start your day by first calling your worst enemy and then engage them in friendly conversation simply with the excuse that we have been fighting and have differences but let us bury all grudges, as we never know who will be the next victim. Arrange some flowers or some sweets and send them as a friendly gesture. After that, call your relatives who are abroad and inquire about their health and recall all the good moments you spent together. In another context, the lockdown has also given people a chance to reunite with their families, spend time together and create happy moments with each other which was not really possible to do in their normal routines. If the family is with you, then chalk out your time your way to cherish these moments with them. You can also start playing indoor games with your family by getting all the tech-savvy kids of your family involved in physical games and activities.

You can also cook food for your family; even if it is burnt or tasteless, it will still be fun. Use this time to reorganise yourself and revert to your God who is merciful and gracious. Start saying prayers and see the tafseer (meaning) of the Quran and trust me you will have lot of peace of mind. Start writing your memories which you had with your parents, which will be a great present to your children and your grandchildren. Get Netflix or YouTube and watch some historic or other interesting movies of your choice. Read books online as you have technology at your disposal even when everything else is locked down. My own life and career remained very busy and I have learnt that solitude is one of the greatest gifts from Allah which gives you a chance to think and concentrate on certain issues and plans. I have always done my due diligence by examining multiple angles of various encountering issues.

Churchill was asked as to what was the key to his success was and he stated, “Come what may, I give half an hour a day to myself just to sit alone, have my thoughts processed to strategise my future plans.” I have locked down myself having all the normal political activities carried out through Skype, Zoom and WhatsApp. I have also written my new book on coronavirus vs national security during this lockdown. We have to learn as to how best can we use this period. Dear all, let us pray and hope that we get rid of this deadly virus soon.

The Article was published in The Nation on April 25, 2020, Link to the original article is https://nation.com.pk/25-Apr-2020/lockdown-versus-our-national-security

COVID-19 vs Pak economy; international implication by Senator A. Rehman Malik

I have written a number of articles on economic analysis but this time while writing, I have multiple fears as the whole world has become under the heavy grip of COVD-19 and sufferings are so harsh that economic indicators are also falling apart.

Being a strong believer in my Almighty Allah who is the mighty controller of all the resources and well-being of the world. Hypothetically believing that it is perhaps natural justice for equal distribution of world wealth already amassed the contractor of so-called world powers or it is still an attack on the third world to further suppress the worsening economy. Ultimately it is suffering the poor section of the world more than rich. If it is a manmade virus then certainly it is motivated and well-planned action to further control the international resources and push the weaker economy even to make it weaker and if it is natural then it is certainly a curse and the world has to revisit the world economy to at least let the world survive to start the new life once again. The position of our economy has already gone worst and it is the beginning of invisible invader which has not yet been defeated. Our present economic indicators are that the inflation rate is 13% which is too high and it will continue to allow to increase the price hike. Our growth is below 2.2 though govt is claiming 3.3 by the end of 2020 which is nothing by Sheikh Chaplain Claims and our govt has to get out of the imaginary world. Sheikh Chaplain euphoric claims and such claims by previous govts including this govt should get out of the fudged era estimate.

Our country is under heavy load of internal debt Rs32 trillion and it has to go even higher and the local bank should be happier as they earn more strength and rather local banks should transfer the foreign cash to Pakistan as Pakistan is paying more than 8 percent rate as compared to 2 percent international rate. I have information and others must be feeling this unfair assault on our economy. A new Mafia has emerged with the name of “Currency Mafia” who is too powerful and too close to the decision-makers. You will note the local borrowing will increase by manifold and it will let happen. It is the test of prime minister as to how smartly he catches them or he will be forced to allow the mafia in the same way. Now the external debt $107 billion and IMF had already demanded its loan back and IMF will continue to increase its pressure and keep Pakistan forcing for more price-hike at the cost of the already crushed common man by the govt and IMF. The recent trench $6 billion has not been released and even if they do, it is retained under the garb of debt servicing. Our Pakistan’s economy is already drowning in debts, instability, inflation and irreparable financial damages that are continuing to acute and our team was trying to handle without fixing it. Being a student of invention and behaviour of economic indicators are indicating the further slide of the economy and slipping of rupee therefore now I see further worsening of economy and our financial scientists have yet to give their negative trajectories and let see how they are going to control with our worst indicators. During and post coronavirus economic syndrome will bring a further major shock to our economy.

The economic indicators showed that our growth rate for 2019-20 was expected to be significantly lower from 3.3 in 2018 to 2.5 in 2020 and we are not able to achieve it. Therefore, there is the risk of a further massive decline in Pakistan’s domestic economic activity, especially in the agricultural industry which makes the more dominant contribution to our GDP growth. We are already facing a decline in our exports because of the conditions in developed country markets and exports are dropped. The stock market is also consistently under pressure and it is falling because of general economic distress. There has been a significant decline in foreign exchange reserves and more than 7 percent depreciation in the value of the rupee. It has affected our mid businesses growth rate and small business will either be shut or go for bankruptcy.

Consumption will reduce and more money will be drawn out of the companies account, some will be able to survive but the smallest companies will feel be eliminated. Our biggest question if we will survive from national bankruptcy due to this continued sliding economy and will we be able to do debt serving within our resources or not. We hope to survive from international bankruptcy but the business community will not be able to survive from bankruptcy. Let us see how we cope with the pandemic in the light of the government’s expenditures have been increased as the government has taken several steps including cutting the interest rate by 2.25%, petrol prices by Rs15 per liter and introducing an Rs150 billion aid package for the poor and labour classes. I expect that this finical will become double in the coming days. Unfortunately, the wheels which get aye economic abilities have now come to standstill due to COVID-19 and this pandemic has shut the transport from train service till airplane service everything has been closed down by the government which is actually making it very difficult for the government to generate revenue. Tourism has also gone down to zero in the country since the virus outbreak. This ball of virus either manmade or natural has been set on rolling and destroying the economy of every country. It looks God has snatched the self-styled titles of world power and all of us can see the touch of interfaith harmony and everyone is looking towards Almighty Allah forgiveness. May God grant all of the forgiveness and give our world back to us. China might benefit greatly after the crisis is over as it was the first country to be infected by the virus and to get out of it. The countries with the technocratic authoritarian model as China, Japan, Singapore and to some extent South Korea are dealing more effectively with the virus than the democratic ones like the Western and South Asian ones. These countries have efficiently tackled the disinformation elements in society to stop the spread of chaos and panic. While on the other hand, people in democratic societies who care about freedom, privacy, and individual rights, are much worried about their freedom after COVID-19 is over. It is yet to see which economy bears the more shocks and blows and which survives the less, as the pandemic is increasing rapidly and policies are changing and developing every now and then to deal with the crisis. The coronavirus has obviously brought irreversible loss to the world economy. China’s Hubei province after suffering heavily has been able to cope with it because of its larger stronger economy. It has now spread its wings globally and there are now significant outbreaks around the world from South Korea to Italy, Australia, France, Germany and almost all of Asia.

The situation of pandemic predicts that the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the United States and China will decline by 2.4 percent, Japan by 2.7, Germany by 3.6 and the Russian economy will decline by 4.8%. In April 2020, almost every G20 member state made an attempt to minimise coronavirus pandemic effects for their respective nations. Out of all G20 countries, the US has passed the largest fiscal stimulus package that amounts to about 11 percent of its GDP amounting to about 2.3 trillion US dollars. Canada announced the stimulus package of 8.4% of its GDP, Germany of 4.9%, and Russia of 1.5 and China of only 1.2% since it has nearly taken control over the virus. China’s economy in 2020 has expanded by 3.5% only which is the slowest in records back to 1980. The world has now entered the scenario 3 of coronavirus since it became a pandemic in scenario 2 and as of now, all the countries that had reported any cases as of the start of March i.e. the US, India, Pakistan the UK, Canada, and Brazil are facing an increase in its number. We the global village citizen are standing helplessly as the invisible enemy continues to attack and pushing the world to a blind end. Pakistan needs to move requests to all the donators either to wave off our debts or give relief of 10 years interest-free period in view of this devastating COVD-19 pandemic.

The Article was published in The News on April 17, 2020, Link to the original article is https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/645554-covid-19-vs-pak-economy-international-implication