Positivity Instead of Despair; Pakistan Day under the shadow of corona virus by Senator A. Rehman Malik

We are a nation of crisis; from the day of independence, we have been facing crisis after crisis and yet, God-willing, we manage to overcome all of them.

We faced terrible times during the phase of terrorism and lost numerous lives, yet somehow, we managed to get out of it.

In the history of Pakistan, the Lahore Resolution (March 23) signifies the landmark decision for the establishment of a separate homeland for the Muslims of British India. The resolution, passed in the annual session of the All-India Muslim League held in Lahore from March 22-24 in 1940, is a landmark document of Pakistan’s history.

Initially, Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah was himself not in favour of making a separate nation, but after the general elections of 1937, when Congress won and formed a government without any coalition, he changed his mind. That is when the Muslims of India saw the attitude of Hindus towards them, which was very negative. In schools, every student was supposed to salute the flag of Congress and they were forced to say “band-e-mataram”; this was implemented on Muslim students as well. There were a lot of similar factors as well which revealed the true nature of Congress and its tyrannical rule on the Muslim leadership. This made clear to Mr Jinnah that a separate nation was needed for Muslims. This brought the two-nation theory in the mind of our Quaid.

The Lahore Resolution, popularly described as the Pakistan Resolution, marked the transformation of the Muslim minority in British India into a nation. The resolution was written by Mohammad Zafarullah Khan and presented by AK Fazl-ul-Haq.At the time, the word “Pakistan” was not used for the nation, but a separate homeland was demanded nonetheless. The reason why this day holds such significance among the days of the Pakistan Movement is that this was the first time when the Muslims of India actually demanded a separate country.

The Resolution addressed the Muslim question in the political and constitutional context of British India as well as the course of action to be adopted by the Muslim League to secure Muslim rights and interests with reference to their identity.

Although the demand for a separate homeland was drafted on March 23, 1940, the idea that became the driving force behind it was addressed by Allama Iqbal in Allahabad (British India) 10 years ago on the afternoon of Monday, December 29, 1930. In his address, he laid emphasis on the rights of Muslims and the need for a separate nation for them as they were different from Hindus on the basis of customs, religion, traditions, thoughts, and mind. This was true especially for the ones residing in the northwest regions of the Subcontinent; which is now officially Pakistan and adjoining areas like Indian Occupied Kashmir and Punjab (India).

He explained how Islam was the determining factor in the life of Indian Muslims and unless Muslims were considered as a nation and their rights were protected, it was impossible to establish peace and order in the land because of the difference in religion and culture of these two nations makes them unable to live together.

Iqbal also proposed that Punjab, North West Frontier province, Balochistan, and Sindh should be converted into one state. It wouldn’t be wrong to say that Iqbal was the conceptual founder of Pakistan. He not only proposed the idea of a separate homeland for the Muslims of Sub-continent but also tried to wake up the whole Muslim Ummah by his visionary and philosophical ideas through his poetry.

I feel lucky to belong to his city, Sialkot and to have done my graduation from the very colleges while sitting in the same rooms where this great poet got his education. One of my class fellows used to live where Iqbal’s ancestral house was located near Mohalla Imam Sahib, I used to get a chance to see the house every now and then. I had the chance to hear about his quick and witty responses from his very old associates. Today, while writing on this subject of Lahore Resolution, I have been honoured to get some pieces of Iqbal’s writing which have never been made public, from his grandson Senator Waleed Iqbal.

Before Quaid-e-Azam changed his mind over the idea of two nations, it was again Allama Iqbal who sent the following letter to him mentioning the ill intentions of Hindus against Muslims which was made clear by the outcome of the elections.

“The League will have to finally decide whether it will remain a body representing the upper classes of Indian Muslims or Muslim masses who have so far, with good reason, taken no interest in it. Personally, I believe that a political organisation which gives no promise of improving the lot of the average Muslim cannot attract our masses.” -Allama Iqbal’s letter to Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah dated 28th May 1937.

What follows is another quote from the same letter of Iqbal to Jinnah:

“For Islam, the acceptance of social democracy in some suitable form and consistent with the legal principles of Islam is not a revolution but a return to the original purity of Islam. The modern problems, therefore, are far easier to solve for Muslims than for the Hindus. But as I have said above, in order to make it possible for Muslim India to solve problems, it is necessary to redistribute the country and to provide one or more Muslim states with absolute majorities. Don’t you think that the time for such a demand has already arrived?”

I am greatly thankful to Senator Waleed for giving me these original extracts which indicate that your grandfather; Allama Iqbal convinced our Quaidto work towards making the two-nation theory a reality. I once, went to pay my honour and regards in the house where Allama Iqbal was born, which is only a 4-room house, a typical ‘Mohalla’ house where there are common walls and the walls have engraved alcoves for oil lights. Many of his belongings were intact in the house; I also issued instructionsto sanction an extra portion of the budget for its maintenance to return it to its original shape.

His grandson has also provided me with one of Allama Iqbal’s old quotes in Urdu from when he had gone to pay regards to his aging father in Sialkot, which is attached below:

My English professor, Dr. Khair Ullah, who was very old too, once narrated a story about Iqbal’s quick wit and presence of mind saying, “One day Allama Iqbal arrived late in the class and the teacher asked him ‘Iqbal why are you late?’to which he responded,‘Sir Iqbal (izzat) hamesha late hi atahai’.”

The above history clearly tells us why Hindus are still after Pakistan as they have not accepted us as independent country while our leaders laid their lives to give us a separate homeland to protect us from our enemies.

The Article was published by The Nation on March 23, 2020 (Pakistan Day), link to the original article is https://nation.com.pk/23-Mar-2020/pakistan-day-under-the-shadow-of-corona-virus

Biowarfare – Coronavirus; vaccine monopoly as an end-game by Senator A. Rehman Malik

Biowarfare can now be considered 5th generation warfare and is becoming lethal day by day. This is a voiceless menace, more dangerous than nuclear warfare as the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, insects, and fungi with the intent to kill or incapacitate humans, animals or plants is an act of war. Biological weapons are living organisms or replicating entities (viruses, which are not universally considered “alive”). Biological weapons may be employed in various ways to gain a strategic or tactical advantage over the enemy, either by threats or by actual deployments. This virus may be lethal or non-lethal and may be targeted against a single individual, a group of people, or even an entire population but unfortunately, it paralyses society. They may be developed, acquired, stockpiled or deployed by nation-states or by non-national groups. In the latter case, or if a nation-state uses it clandestinely, it may also be considered bioterrorism. This biowarfare is undoubtedly a weapon of war that acts mercilessly and even its creator does not come out unscathed.We are experiencing this today, with the coronavirus which comes from a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). It acts fast and multiplies its victims very fast. It is a live virus and is now proving to be very dangerous for people and even states are seen to be helpless in its face. The big question is about where it came from, where patient zero is, is this difficult to trace and most importantly, was it reported from China, Italy or Iran first? The blame game between China and the USA has already started as both sides have strong points and if it is not investigated then this blame will not come to an end. I have no doubt in my mind that it is either man-made or naturally grown and hence we need to delve into the details to clear this matter out completely. 

The world wants to know the facts and I propose that a high powered commission is constituted through the UN and the WHO to investigate with TORs. These should include, the exact bioanalysis of Coronavirus (COVID-19), its origin and find the first victim, which is very important to trace the origin of this virus. Another factor that needs to be investigated is regarding the biological changes that take place when the virus enters the human body. Additionally, does the coronavirus bring the same biological changes or vary from human to human? The bird flu was detected in time and an antidote was found; let us see if there was any previous research available with some states as this is reported to be from the family of viral flu.

The novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans. Several known coronaviruses are circulating in animals that have not yet infected humans which are built in the immune system in the human body. I think the help from veterinary experts may be able to help with this issue. Let us discuss some man-made biological weapons based on the deadly virus.

Biological warfare agents differ greatly in the type of toxin or organism used in a weapons system, lethality, contagiousness, length of incubation, infectiousness, stability, and ability to be treated with current vaccines and medicines and the antidote is prepared before the biowarfare weapons are finally made. There are five different categories of biological agents that could be weaponised and used in warfare or terrorism. Bacteria – single-cell organisms that cause diseases such as anthrax, brucellosis, tularaemia, and plague are man-made viruses. Rickettsia – microorganisms that resemble bacteria but differ in that they are intracellular parasites that reproduce inside cells. Typhus and Q fever are examples of diseases caused by rickettsia organisms. Viruses – intracellular parasites, about 1/100 the size of bacteria, can be weaponised to cause diseases such as Venezuelan equine encephalitis. Fungi – pathogens that can be weaponised for use against crops to cause such diseases as rice blast, cereal rust, wheat smut, and potato blight. Toxins – poisons that can be weaponised after extraction from snakes, insects, spiders, marine organisms, plants, bacteria, fungi, and animals. An example of a toxin is ricin, which is derived from the seed of the castor bean. Coronavirus looks to be quite close to toxins. Hence it is possible someone has played dirty in the creation of this virus.

If we examine the difference between chemical weapons and biological weapons, we see biological weapons are most dangerous. Chemical weapons according to international treaties are defined as a chemical that inflicts casualties through its toxic effects including instant burns. These include incendiaries (flame throwers, napalm), smoke (concealing and singling smoke), and war gases (nerve gas, blistering gas, etc).

Biological weapons are diseases deliberately deployed (and often engineered) by one party against another. They are usually used to cause either casualty or to force the enemy to divert resources to counter the outbreak.

There are a number of conspiracy theories that spread regarding the virus. Now that many people are recovering from the disease, a new theory is floating around that coronavirus was created to sell vaccines. The theory that got the widest acceptance from all over the world is that perhaps some anti-China group created it. China got a big setback because of this virus and has suffered the most, hence China can not be blamed for the creation of this virus. It is a fact that China has been receiving threats of non-specific attacks. The timing was convenient as the time of the lunar new year is huge in China, probably the best time of year for such an action. The world knows that there is a cold war between the US and China and this happened at the peak of their blame games, leaving many questions unanswered.

If this theory was to be true, it would have been the best way to see China’s booming economy take a massive toll. People can’t show up to work, travel bans, stocks plummeting and New Year’s festivities were also practically canceled. On top of that, massive costs of dealing with the virus and travel ban on Chinese has also done a lot of damage. Another theory suspects the involvement of religious cult which is out rightly rejected in the creation of coronavirus. The counter blame games will continue between China and USA which will be counterproductive.

There is further fear that this virus can be used as a dangerous war tool if not listed in banned list for not to be used in biowarfare weapons and all members state or any other group should sign it. If it is used in weapons then it is going to emerge as a tool of bioterrorism and it will be too lethal for the future.

Let us see who brings the vaccine and who monopolizes it. This move will indirectly imply the end of this ‘play’, whether man-made or natural; in both cases, it's anti-human and is pushing the world towards irreversible loss. UNSC should call an emergency session to discuss it and also order a high-powered commission to investigate the origin and make the findings public.

A reminder – wash your hands for 30 seconds time and again, do not shake hands and in case of doubt, have your test done.

The article was published in The Nation on March 18, 2020, and the link to the original article is https://nation.com.pk/18-Mar-2020/biowarfare-coronavirus-vaccine-monopoly-as-an-end-game

Man and woman march for mutual respect by Senator A. Rehman Malik

It was not pleasant to watch some of the odd video clips on tv channels and social media showing cross-firing and heated arguments among men and women which looked to be insulting for both sides equally. It showed lack of patience and attempts to get cheap publicity from both sides.

It is unfortunate to note that both sides do not have plausible arguments and I noticed a predominant element of disrespect rather than a sense of respect.

Let me clear this fact; no religion in this world allows men or women to disrespect each other. God created both man and woman as his best creation and made us the ‘Asharf ul Muklookaat’. Do we ever wonder why? It is because God gave us the sense to differentiate between good and bad.

He has also given us the sense to feel whether you are being loved or hated? We are very sensitive to hate or disrespect, because it hurts our sense of self-respect and hence, we react and the reaction determines the level of disrespect. Please think deeply and see even the sense to feel respect and disrespect is created by Allah as part of a consistent feature to keep our sense of pride intact. In fact, it is the sense of respect which makes you look different.

This sense of respect is not restricted to males only but females also inherit the same sense and both are blessed with sense to achieve it.

Respect makes the real difference between wife and husband, father and son, mother and daughter, hence the “sense of respect” is the main bond which keep these important relationships tied together. Even among the worldly relations, the bond between an employer and employee, a male and female or even between a teacher and a student, all are largely dependent on sense and level of respect.

World history is a witness to the fact that females are always treated as inferior which was unfair but modern history is treating the woman of today differently.

Having said so let us confess that while women are physically weaker as compared to men, but does it mean that men are now entitled to treat them badly or take their rights and force their wishes on them? No, not at all. Women are justified in demanding an end to the discrimination.

Let me raise a point here that women might be physically weaker than men but mentally and emotionally, they are much stronger than men that’s why they are known as the architects of our society – hence the adage “heaven is under the feet of a mother”.

Let us throw some light on the rights of women which Islam have given to them. A woman has a right to take “Khulla” if she decides to not live with her man and this is the power which no one can take away from her - not even the court/Qazi. Why? Because this veto power has been given to her by her Allah to feel protected.

If my Allah protects women then who is man to defy what Allah has decided, that we show love, affection and care for women.

Disrespecting a woman is not an option in any religion hence always respecting woman is the only option. In my personal view, women should not be humiliated or insulted on media or otherwise. She is your mother, she is your sister and she is your daughter and therefore she deserves your love and respect keeping the relevancies of your relationship accordingly.

It is none of anyone’s business if a woman in divorced and decides to remarry as it is no crime because our religion itself has permitted them to do so. That is the power given to both men and women to terminate the relationship if the sense of respect is missing.

In light of the above facts, if you think whether a woman should march for her rights or not, I ask why not? I say that let our women march for their respect and their honour -let them demand for their empowerment and equal rights in governance. Let them ask for stringent laws to save them from rape and domestic violence. Let them march to save the Zainabs of my country. I stand with you all.

In the end I have a piece of advice that abusing woman or man to be treated as crime and should be punishable for one year and lifetime ban on an appearance on electronic media.

I think we need to have such strict actions to reform our society and to create sense of respect for each other.

Let us not be un-Islamic in our approaches towards life and let us be enlightened by following the will of God.

All my dear women elite please march for your rights and I standby you in my humble capacity. Good luck to you for this noble cause!

The article was published in The Nation on March 08, 2020, link to the article is https://nation.com.pk/08-Mar-2020/man-and-woman-march-for-mutual-respect

Modi & Hitler, both guilty of genocide by Senator A. Rehman Malik

It was a bright day when I visited the city of Linz in Austria where I drove especially to see the birthplace of Adolf Hitler. I went to his village where I saw a brick house consisting of two to three rooms, now lying vacant. I spent two days in that village’s nearby motel to study the history of this mass killer in the background of his childhood.

According to some very old people of his time who had seen his childhood, he was a boy who spent most of his time in the nearby bar fighting. He was completely deprived of feelings, in revenge for the poverty that his family had seen and he had suffered. He was born fourth to six children, but the death of his siblings among which only a sister named Paula lived, made him isolated, introvert and lonely. He moved out of his village and went to Linz, a beautiful city which is not far from the lake, and then how he became Hitler is a matter of history.

During World-War I, he developed interest in politics shaping the Nazi ideology in his mind, so he applied to serve in the German army. He was accepted in August 1914 and deployed in October 1914 to Belgium. Hitler served throughout the Great War and won two decorations for bravery, including the rare Iron Cross First Class, which he wore to the end of his life.

He was basically born to be a cruel man that is why he gravitated towards the army while Modi also moved to an RSS terrorist center whereas his family wanted him to pursue his family life, but he chose to become a militant /extremist. After the war, Hitler joined politics and there he discovered his ability and command over debates, and speeches because his speeches were powerful and people believed what he said. Hitler joined the Nazi party and soon became its leader, whereas Modi left RSS and became the leader of BJP. Hitler promised Germany that if he became a leader, he would restore Germany to greatness in Europe.

In 1933 he was elected Chancellor of Germany, after that, there was nothing that could stop Hitler. On the other hand, Modi has given the commitment to RSS that he would convert India into Hindu state and promote Hindutva in the country. He had studied his ideal, Benito Mussolini of Italy, about how to install a fascist government and become a dictator, soon Hitler was dictator of Germany from where he engineered the World War II and what he did is known the Holocaust today.

Modi has quite the same past and personality traits as those of Hitler. Having being born in the deprived class the feelings of vengeance are quite similar between both which are fully unfolding with Modi’s actions. Modi picked the ideology of Nazis and replicated the same in the form of training with RSS militants. Hitler began with his slogan “Heil Hitler” with raised hands, whereas Modi started with the slogan “Jai Hindutva”.

I have discussed this in detail in my book “Modi’s War doctrine”. Modi butchered Muslims in Gujrat followed by Kashmir and now in Delhi, he reflects that same mindset.

Nazi’s Massacre of Jews in Europe by Hitler ended with killing of almost 6 million Jews in World War II. Additional feature introduced by Modi against Muslims through proxy wars is as under where you see the hand of Modi from childhood. Internal conflict in Myanmar 1948–present - he supported Aung San Suu Kyi, Sri Lankan Tamil Insurrection 1983–2009 - RSS was used, Baluchistan conflict 1948–present and RSS mindset with Mukti Bahani model and the Internal Conflict of Chittagong Hills was created by Indian RAW and Modi. In the Nepalese Civil War 1996-2006 RSS activists were used.  Now Modi, the symbolic son of Hitler is doing all that Hitler did to butcher people. Under consideration of the Modi’s barbarism in Gujarat (2002), Kashmir and now in Delhi, the world is now feeling the existence of Adolf Hitler after witnessing the unsettling similarities between BJP’s Modi and Nazi Party’s Hitler.

Hitler’s Anti-Jews agendas and the violent stances led him towards the bloodshed of hundreds and thousands of Jews shook the world, in the same way, Narendra Modi implemented a similar stance against Muslims and the world has witnessed the Anti-Muslim upholdings in Gujrat, Kashmir and now in Delhi. During World War II, the military branch of the Nazi Party named Waffen-SS fought along with the German Army to provide them a strong support system. Similarly, Rashthiya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) extended its meaningful support to Indian Army in 1971 against Pakistan and also when the Sino-Indian war was being fought.

The similarities don’t end here. The Nazis wanted to eradicate the Jewish people while the BJP wants to get rid of Muslims. Hitler’s “Greater Germany” and Modi’s “Akhand Bharat” - Greater India, are the ones relating to their vicious criminal activities. The representation of Hitler’s Nazi Party and Modi’s BJP is also based on the same swastika symbols followed by the same lining patterns which make people wonder about the roots of their alliances. Both the party leaders Adolf Hitler and Narendra Modi even share the same gestures for salutation with bent hand, kept on the chest and tightly straight.

By the magnitude of killings, Nazis killed millions of Jews whereas BJP killed thousands of Muslims where the Nazis were racial/ethnic-based and BJP/RSS are religious-based. While Hitler had taken over much of Europe by 1944, the allies fought back and Germany was on the verge of defeat. Hitler couldn’t watch himself losing, so he holed up in a bunker under his headquarters in Berlin where he committed suicide by swallowing a cyanide capsule and shot himself in the head on 30th April 1945. Similarly, Modi has expressed in a few of his speeches that he had come with three cloths and hence he will go back in three-piece of cloths. He perhaps is hinting towards his unnatural death as there is a group of people within RSS including his Home Minister wants to replace him as the leader and as PM and he might meet the same fate as Hitler.

The article was published in The Nation on March 07, 2020, the link to the article is https://nation.com.pk/07-Mar-2020/modi-hitler-both-guilty-of-genocide

USA - Taliban deal: truce or another game in making? by Senator A. Rehman Malik

USA – Taliban deal is still underway after 19 years but such deals are complicated due to multiple underlying factors.

I as former DG FIA & Interior minister have been watching various phases of Taliban and TTP, where the main sufferers are the nations at both sides because of international proxy wars. There is no doubt about Afghan Taliban that they never harmed Pakistan but TTP on the other hand have played a major role in damaging Pakistan’s interests.

TTP was handled through a remote control against Pakistan and Qamar Javed Bajwa is the only one who actually identified the covert and overt supporters of TTP and played a major role in smashing both visible and invisible remote control operations.

It was completely the COAS’s brainchild and he has played a great role in playing role of mediator between USA & Afghan Taliban as the present outlines of the deal could have not been possible without his role.

Let me go through the historical developments and aspects of this deal’s processes.

In fact, the efforts for peace started in 2010 when Mullah Baradar was arrested by us and we kept him in safe custody for the purpose of debriefing. President Karzai demanded his extradition but we kept denying as we knew he would be killed by NDS in Afghanistan. This was the exact period when Pakistan started experiencing more attacks of terrorism from Afghanistan in Baluchistan and KPK.

In view of substantive evidence, we decided to visit Afghanistan hence PM Gilani, I and DG ISI visited President Karzai and talked to him about the growing terrorism on our soil, but President Karzai refused to accept that terrorism was being launched from seven terrorist camps on bordering area. I gave him undeniable proofs and eventually he helplessly stated that yes these are there but I am helpless in front of Americans.

The meeting ended on a semi-positive note and instead of handing Mullah over to Afghanistan, we allowed them the access to interrogate Mullah Baradar directly in the presence of our officers where the Afghan investigators visited my office of interior Ministry. The delegation was allowed to meet and question Mullah Baradar. The NDS was suspecting that it was Mullah Baradar and his faction who were responsible for the killing of Mullah Rabbani, the head of the Peace dialogues. This was proven wrong during the investigation based on a number of interrogation sessions.

The nature and times changed as by then, Mullah Baradar had become the main man of Taliban after Siraj Uddin Haqqani (deputy leader of Afghan Taliban Overseas).

Let me jot down the brief details of the previous such agreements before I give my opinion on the present agreement.

The first dialogue started in September 2007 and the following common statement was issued:

Parties concurred to a transitory détente that, in case fruitful, would open the way for a bargain that American troops will be withdrawn from Afghanistan and conclude a long time of war. (US - Afghan Dialogue 2007-2009).

President Hamid Karzai, as well as the British and Pakistani governments, all strived for peace. Karzai announced peace talk with the Taliban in September 2007, but this too was quickly rejected. (2010- 2012)

In 2009, there was a broad agreement for the war to end but how it should end was a major issue because Karzai was re-elected and Obama’s administration had increased the deployment of troops. In Feb 2010, Taliban’s co-founder, then-second-in-command and Mullah Omer’s deputy, Abdul Ghani Baradar, was one of the driving Taliban individuals who favoured talks with the US and Afghan governments. I met Mullah Baradar along with Gen. Babar who held a secret meeting with Mullah Omer for the first time. Mullah Omer and Mullah Baradar both had played a great role in this deal.

Obama made some serious efforts for talks with Taliban through President Karzai Govt which were declined by the Taliban as they wanted the US to withdraw the forces from Afghanistan but all in vain.

In fact, the diplomacy of Gen Bajawa took all the stakeholders on board and eventually, a well-chalked plan moved forward with Mr Zalmay Khalilzad, a representative of President Donald Trump. Khalilzad is an Afghan-US negotiator who served as US minister to the Joined together Countries (2007-2009), Iraq (2005-2007) and Afghanistan (2003-2005).

On June 7, 2018, as a notable development, Afghan President Ashraf Ghani and the Taliban announced an unprecedented mutual ceasefire during the Eid celebrations. The temporary truce ended on the Eid day.

In July 2018, American authorities subtly met Taliban individuals at their political office in Qatar, which was a sign of endeavors to resolve the war in Afghanistan by the Donald Trump administration.

On September 5, 2018, Zalmay Khalilzad joined the U.S. State Office as President Trump’s consultant on Afghanistan.

The Afghan Taliban agreed in December 2018 that they would once more meet with American moderators in Qatar to settle an arrangement. However, Ashraf Ghani and his associates were not welcomed to the talks and it brought major setback.

This was the time when Pakistan started playing a central role in an attempt to end the war again and gave an effective plan.

Afghan Govt announced Loya jirga from April 29 to May 3, 2019 The Taliban were invited but they declined and it got frustrated again.

In September 2019, the Taliban sent a designation to Russia to examine prospects for a withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan after the collapse of talks with The USA. On September 18, 2019, the Taliban expressed that their “entryways are open” to President Trump.

Accordingly, Peace arrangements started once more in December 2019. This circular of talks brought about a seven-day period ceasefire which has started from 22 February 2020. I sincerely hope that this will be fruitful for the peace processes.

The article was published in The Nation on March1, 2020, link to the article https://nation.com.pk/01-Mar-2020/usa-taliban-deal-truce-or-another-game-in-making